Boiler



- Sept.11,1928.

A. M. MERTZANOFF Filed 001:. 5, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR fiw kw ATTORNEY Sept. 11, 1928,

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Filed Oct. 1925 '.A. M. MERTZANOFF 3 sheats -sheet 2 INVENTOR BY Gm/Mac ATTORNEY Sept. 11, 1928;

A. M. MERTZANQiFF BOILER Filed Oct. 5, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN TOR M y74- Yg L/EW ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 11, 1928.

ETD SlATEfi FEQE.

ANDRE: M. MERTZANOFF, OF NEW' YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNGR Tt) AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A COREORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

BOILER.

Application filed October 5, 1925. Serial No. 60,698.

My invention relates to improvements in heating apparatus and the .same has for its object more particularly to provide a boiler in which the complete consumption of the fuel will be smokelessly effected.

Further said invention has for its object to provide a boiler embodying novel means whereby the secondary air required to effect the complete combustion of the fuel is introduced into the boiler at the lowest practical temperature.

Further said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the secondary air necessary to effect the complete combustion will, due to its introduction at such relatively low temperature into the combustion chamber containing the relatively lighter hotcombustible gases, be caused to attain a high velocity or rate of flow, and be brought more or less forcibly into contact with the bed of incandescent fuel, and with the hot gases and products of combustion emanating therefrom.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the secondary air is introduced into the boiler through a trans verse duct having a long, relatively narrow outlet, by means of which the temperature differential between the air in said duct and the gases within the combustion chamber is utilized to convert the pressure head of said air into velocity or rate of flow in order to effect the due mixture of said air with the combustible gases to effect complete combustion.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the secondary air required to effect the complete consumption of the fuel is caused to be discharged into the combustion chamber in the form of a broad band extending transversely entirely across the fuel receptacle adjacent to the rear end of the grate, and brought forcibly into intimate mixture with the products of combustion.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the secondary air is conducted to a central point within the boiler and then uniformly discharged transversely across the fuel bed and mixed with the products of combustion as the same pass from the combustion chamber to the fiues.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the secondary air is introduced. into the boiler by way of a re1- stireiy transverse duet, extending tirely across the boiler, having opposing wall portions oppositely curved to form a constricted outlet producing a Venturi tube action or effect.

Further, said. invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the secondary air is conducted into the boiler and to the central part of a transverse duct having a relatively narrow longitudinal discharge opening therein in order that the volume of air entering said duct may be caused to issue from said discharge opening at high velocity and be projected forcibly, in the form of a downwardly flaring hand, against the bed of incandescent fuel, and into intimate contact with the combustible gases and products of combust-ion passin between said duct and the bed of fuel.

Further. said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the secondary air is introduced into the boiler through trans verse and longitudinal ducts and forcibly discharged therefrom in the form of downward- 1y flaring transverse and longitudinal bands or sheets against the bed of incandescent fuel, and into intimate contact with the combustible gases and products of combustion passing towards the flues.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler with novel means whereby secondary air at a relatively low temperature is introduced into the boiler from the rear thereof and caused to be discharged through longitudinally arranged outlets directly into the rear part of the combustion chamber.

Other objects will in part be obvious and in. part be pointed out hereinafter.

To the attainment of the aforesaid objects and ends my invention consists in the novel details of construction, and in the combination, connection and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described and then pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, wherein like numerals of reference indicate like parts- Figure 1, is a front elevation showing one form of boiler constructed according to, and embodying my said invention;

Figure 2, is a rear end elevation;

Figure is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 3-3 of Figa 1;

To igure 4, is a horiylofital See.

of Fl Illtl verse members 21 the lon Figure 5, is an enlarged detail perspective view showing the form of the secondary air duct; and v Fig. 6 is a rear end elevation of a modified form of boiler.

In said drawings 10 designates a boiler of the sectional type comprising; a hollow front section 11, a hollow back section 12, and a plurality of hollow intermediate sections 13. The said front, back and intern'iediate sections are communicltively connected at their upper and lower portions by nipples l t, in the usual manner.

The front section is provided with the usual flue openings 15. fuel opening 16. slicing opening: .17. and ash pit opening 18 which are respectively provided with doors 16 I7 18. The back section is provided with a smoke outlet 19 over which is secured a flanged smokehood 19.

Each intermediate section 13 is here shown in the form of an endless loop havin hollow vertical portions 20, forming the side walls of the'boiler, and hollow horizontal top and hottomportions 21, 22, respectively. The inter mediate sections 13 are further each provided w th registering hol ow tra-nwerse members 23 which jointly form the crown sheet top of the combustion chamber. Intermediate said transverse members 23 and the 4 lly extending outer and intermedial s 2 1 and 249. The hot gases and products of combustion are. caused. to pass upwardly at the rear of the combustion chamber into the said lines 2 1 and forwardly therein from the rear of the boiler, and thence 16211\V11(ll}, through the center flue 24 to the smoke outlet 19.

Adjacent to the rear end of the boiler two adjoining intermediate sections 13 are provided with integrally formed depending hollow members 26,, which are arranged in spaced relation parallel to each other, and extending entirely across the interior space or combustion chamber at the rear of the grate. The said depending; members 26 have their opposing wall portions 27 adjacent to their lower edges curved imvardly towards each other to form a constricted outlet terminating in a gradually flaring mouth which communicates with the secondary air space or fine formed between said depending; members 26. The secondary air is conducted to the air duct formed between said members 26 by way of a passage or conduit 28 comprising the alined' openings 28" having registering flanges 28 and formed centrally in the rear member 26', the back section 12, and the intermediate sections 13 interposed. between said back section 12 and the rear depending; member 26, which openings 28 form a duct having water cooled walls extending longitudinally of the furnace from the back section 12 to the rear depending member 26 through which the secondary air admitted.

As the secondary air is admitted into the furnace at a comparatively low temperature, and as the heated gas and products of combustion within the combustion chamber possess a relatively high temperature the sec-- ondary air partly due to said differential in temperature and partly due to the tension of the draft, will be caused to issue under pressure or suction with great velocity and impinge or mushroom upon the incandescent fuel upon the grate directly below said air duct. and thus become intimately mixed with the hot gases and products of combustion as they pass from the combustion chamber to the fines.

Further, the secondary air is delivered into the transverse air duct at a point midway of its ends, and caused completely to fill said duct, as a result of which the air will be dis--. oh god evenly and uniformly through the entire length of the constricted outlet, in the form of a continuous sheet through which and with which the hot gases and products of combustion must pass after leaving the com bastion chamber a d thus insure the com-- pletc combustion of the fuel. I

lihen it is desired to supply secondary air to the rear of the depending members 26,

which may become desirable at times in the larger sizes of boilers, the conduit 28 may be provided, vith a number of small apertures or COZlSLl'lCtGd outlets 30 as shown at F igs. land 5 which are preferably formed partlyin each of two opposing boiler sections and ar ranged in fan-shaped formation to effect the discharge of the air in fan-shape extending entirely across the boiler at the rear of said degending member 26. The openings or outlets 30 are constricted like the outlet between the members 26, to produce a Venturi-tubc eii ect, and are arranged longitudinally so that the air issuing therefrom is flared out transversely to distribute the same uniformly from one side of the boiler to the other.

The admission of secondary air to the ducts or passages is con-trolled by means of a closure 31 hinged at 32 over the inlet or opening 28 at the back of the boiler. A sector 33 secured to said closure is engageable with the edge of the opening to permit of the closure being held to different positions of adjustment whereby to control the amount of air ad;- mitted to the secondary air ducts.

At Fig. 6- is shown a form of boiler in which the secondary air is, admitted to the boiler from both the sides and the back. The closures 31, similar to the closure 31, are pro vided to control the amount of air admitted to the secondary air duct from the opposite sides of the boiler.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Pat eat 15:

1. In a heating apparatus of the character described, means for supplying secondary air thereto comprising a water-backed ductarranged across the apparatus above and adjacent to the rear of the fuel bed and composed of separate, spaced, depending waterbacked members communicating at their ends and upper intermediate portions with the water spaces of the boiler; said duct having its lower opposing wall portions tapering inwardly towards each other to form therebetween a relatively narrow, longitudinal discharge opening, substantially as specified.

2. In a heating apparatus of the character described, means for supplying secondary air thereto from without comprising two transverse depending water-containing members substantially coextensive in length with the width of the apparatus having all of their wall portions exposed and water-backed; said members communicating at their ends and upper intermediate portions with the water spaces of the apparatus and forming therebetween a duct extending across the combustion chamber'above and adjacent to the rear of the fuel bed; the lower oppr wall portions of said duct tapering inwardly towards each other to form therebetween a constricted, longitudinal discharge opening at the base thereof for directing said secondary air in the form of a continuous sheet downwardly upon the bed of incandescent fuel and to mingle with the gases and products of combustion as the same are about to pass between said duct and the fuel bed, substantially as specified.

3. A boiler of the character described comprising a plurality of transverse sections communicatively connected; certain of said sections above and'adjacent to the rear of the bed of fuel each having a depending watercontaining member communicating at its ends and upper intermediate portions with the water spaces of the boiler; said members being arranged in spaced relation to form therebetween a transverse duct having a longitudinal discharge opening at its base, subr stantially as specified.

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4. A boiler of the character described comprising a plurality of transverse sections coinmunicatively connected; certain of said sections each having a depending water-containing member communicating with the water spaces'of the boiler; said members being arranged in spaced relation to one another to form therebetween a transverse duct, and having their lower opposing wall portions extending towards each other to form therebetween a relatively narrow, longitudinal discharge opening substantially as specified.

5. A boiler of the character described comprising a plurality of transverse sections communicatively connected; certain of said sections each having a transverse depending, wateneontaining member substantiall colength with. wide). the

boiler and communicating at its ends and up per intermediate portion with the waterspaces of its respective boiler section; said members being arranged in spaced relation parallel to one another to form tl'ierebetwecn a duct extending across the combustion chamber above and adjacent to the rear of the bed of fuel for conducting secondary air from without the boiler, and having lower opposing wall portions curved inwardly towards each other to forn'i a constricted, longi tudinal discharge opening, and thence curved outwardly to form a gradually widening mouth for said constricted discharge opening, substantially as specified.

(3. In a heating apparatus of the character described, means for supplying secondary air thereto comprising a duct having waterbaclred wall portions formed integrally with the walls of said apparatus and communicating with the water spaces thereof and arranged transtersely of the apparatus above and to the rear of the bed of fuel. and having a relatively narrow, longitudinal discharge opening at the thereof, and waterbaclred means formed integrally 'ith the walls of said apparatus and communicating with the water spaces thereof for conducting secondary air to sai l duct at a point centrally between the ends thereof, substantially as specified.

7. In a heating apparatus of the character described, means for supplying secondary air thereto comprising a duct extending transversely across the apparatus and composeo of two similarly shaped depending water containing memberscommunicating with the water spaces of the apparatus and arranged in spaced relation to one another; said members having their lower opposing wall portions extended towards each other to form tlierebetween a relatively narrow, longitudinal discharge opening, substantially as specified.

S. In a heating apparatus of the character described, means for supplying secondary air thereto comprising a duct extending transversely' across the combustion chamber and adjacent to the rear of the grate, said duct consisting of two similarly shaped depending water containing members communicating with the water spaces of the apparatus and arranged in spaced relation to one another; said members having their lower opposing wall portions extended towards each other to form therebetween a relatively narrow, longitudinal discharge opening, substantially as specified.

9. In a heating apparatus of the character described, means for supplying secondary air thereto comprising a duct extending transversely across the combustion chamber adj acent to the rear of the grate, said duct con sisting of two similarly shaped depend water containing members communicat i a Wall. of said duct havi 2 with the water spaces of the boiler and arranged parallel and in spaced relation to each other; said members having the opposing wall portions adjacent to their lowedges curved inwardly towards each other to form a constricted outlet opening, and hence curved outwardly to form a transversely gradually widening mouth for said constricted discharge opening, substantially as specified.

10. A boiler of the character described comprising a front, back and a plurality of intermediate sections communicatively connected, certain of sari intermediate sections adjacent to the rear o'..' the grate each having a depending water-containing member communicating with the water spaces of the boilor and arranged parallel in spaced relation to form therebetween a transverse duct having a constricted discharge opening at its base, and one end section and the intermediate sections between said end section and an intermediate section Whose depending member forms re 'istering openings therein forming a pass gt for conducting air into said duct, substan ally as specified.

11. A boiler of the character described comprising a front, back and a plurality of intermediate sections communicatively connected, certain of said intermediate sections adjacent to the rear of the grate each having a depending water-containin g member communicating with the water spaces of the boiler and arranged parallel in spaced relation to form therebetween a transverse duct having a constricted discharge opening at its base, and said back section and the intermediate sections between said back section and the intermediate section whose depending member forms the back Wall Of said duct having registering openings therein forming a passage for conducting air into said duct, substantially as specified.

12. A boiler of the character described comprising a front, back and a plurality of intermediate sections communicatively connected, certain of said intermediate sections adjacent to the rear of the grate each having a depending water-coi'itaining member communicat-ing with the water spaces of the boiler and arranged parallel in spaced relation to form therebetween a transverse duct having a constricted discharge opening at its base, and said back section and the intermediate sections between said back section and the inter? mediate section whose depending member forms the back wall of said duct having registering openings therein forming a longitud inal. passage extending from the back end of the boiler for conducting air to said duct at a point intermediate the ends thereof, substantially as specified.

13 In a heating apparatus of the character described, means for supplyin secondary air lhorcto comprising a water-backed duct arranged transversely of the apparatus and having an opening therein for the discharge of secondary air, and a Water-backed duct arranged centrally above the rear end of the grate, extending longitudinally of the boiler from the back thereof, communicating with said first named duct centrally thereof, and having a plurality of outlets therein arranged "itudinally thereof; each of said outlets lavflng opposing wall portions tapering inrardly towards each other to form a conitricted longitudinally extending opening. and thence curved outwardly to form a grad ually widening mouth for said constricted opening, substantially as specified.

l4. In a heating apparatus of the character described, means for supplying secondary air thereto comprising a water-backed duct arranged transversely of the apparatus above the grate and having a discharge opening therein, and a water-backed duct extending longitudinally from the back of said boiler and communicating with said first named duct centrally thereof for supplying secondary air thereto; said second named duct having a plurality of outlets therein for discharging secondary air into thecombustion chamber to the rear of said first named due; substantially as specified.

State of New York, this 3d day of July, 1925.

ANDRE M. MERTZANOFF. 

